experience. This was the form in which the Torah was “published,” even though a copy was written down and entrusted to the Levites for transmission to subsequent generations (31:9). The oral “publication” of the Torah continued long after the death of Moses, as the text of Josh 1:8 bears witness: “Let not this book of the Torah depart out of your mouth; but recite it day and night, so that you may observe faithfully all that is written in it” (author’s translation). It should be noted, however, that